Question |
Answer |
What are the functions of the immune system? |
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1.Provide immunity
2.Distinguish foreign molecules from normal body cells
3.Help mediate inflammation
4. cancer surveillance
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Name the componenets of the immune system. |
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Immune cells
Primary lymphoid organs: bone marrow and thymus
Secondary lymphoid organs: spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix pyer's patches in intestines, mucosa=associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) in respiratory, GI, and reproductive systems
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Explain innate immunity. |
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First line defense.
Responds quickly
Controls microbial growth until adaptive immunity.
Helps activate adaptive immunity.
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Give examples of innate immunity. |
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Skin and mucous membranes
Phagocytic WBC's
Natural killer cells
cytokines
Complement system
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What is adaptive immunity? |
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Specific/Acquired
Second line defense
Responds slowly
More effective
Acquired through exposure to infection/forein agents
Targeted response to specific antigens
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What cells are responsible for cellular/cell mediated immunity? |
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CD4+ or helper Tcells
CD8+ or cytotoxic Tcells
Memory Cells
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What type of Tcell is considered the "Master Switch" for adaptive immunity? |
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CD4+ or helper Tcell.
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How do CD8+ cells differ from NK cells? |
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a)have to be activated by helper Tcells
b)will only target specific antigen
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What type of cells are believed to be a subset of CD8+ cells and what 2 actions are they responsible for |
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Suppressor Tcells
1. stops the immune response once harmful/foreign agent is destroyed.
2. suppresses activity for self reactive immune cells (prevent autoimmune diseases)
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What do memory cells do? |
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Remain in body for a long time, enable more rapid response on repeat exposure (recognize antigen and stimulates T cell activity)
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IgG |
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crosses placenta (only one that does)
provides protection for newborns for first few months
most plentiful in blood
protects against past infection
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IgA |
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In body secretions.
Protects mucous membranes.
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IgM |
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The first to appear in response to an antigen, it's presence usually suggests a current infection by pathogen.
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IgD |
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found on cell membrne of B lymphocytes, when binds with antigen it stimulates B cells to produce other specific Ig.
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IgE |
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involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
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Explain humoral/antibody- mediated immunity. |
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When activated by helper Tcells, B lympocytes differentiate into:
1. plasma cells
2. memory cells
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In humoral immunity what is the function of plasma cells? |
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Secrete antibodies/Ig which bind to and aggregate antigens to aid in their removal by phagocytes (makes antibodies)
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In humoral immunity what is the function of the memory cells? |
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Upon subsequent exposure to an antigen, stimulatess production of plasma cells.
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What does the presence of IgM indicate? |
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Current infection
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What Ig provides newborns with immunity? |
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IgG
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