Question |
Answer |
Characterized by shorter, faster breaths. Lungs are less compliant/pliable... |
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Restricted breathing
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How is chronic bronchitis treated? |
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Expectorants, broncho dilators, inhaled corticosteroids (Spireva), chest percussion, and deep breathing.
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What is the pathologic process of pulmonary edema? |
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Transudation of protein - poor fluid into the alveoli decreasing diffusion capacity, fluid accumulates. Hypoxemia results. Extreme dyspnea, anxiety, frothy-pink sputum with cough, sensation of drowning, crackles, pain, cold, pale skin.
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What is an open pneumothorax? |
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Damage to the parietal pleura that has broken the seal causing the lung to collapse. Open to outside world. Stab wound, lung punctured by ribs, etc.
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24 respirations a minute is _______ . This results in _______ . |
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Hyperventilation; hypocapnea
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What are some causes of chronic coughing? |
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ACE inhibitors, post nasal drip, acid reflux, asthma, and cancer.
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What is pulmonary stenosis? |
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Obstruction of blood flow causing a narrowing at the pulmonary artery. Increased workload to right side of heart can lead to HF.
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A normal V/Q ratio is... |
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0.8
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Croup is common in children aged _______ . It is usually caused by _______ . |
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6 months to 5 years; a virus - parainfluenza, Flu A or RSV
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What does aspiration of a foreign object commonly lead to? |
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pneumonia
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A pus pocket on the tonsils that needs to be lanced to prevent airway obstruction... |
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Peritonsillar abcess
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All COPD patients have _______ and lose the drive to breath from increase in CO2. |
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hypercapnia
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Bronchogenic carcinomas arise from _______ . |
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Epithelial cells of resp. tract. Get damaged by what's inspired and change.
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How is chronic bronchitis diagnosed? |
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CXR; pulmonary fxn tests.
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What are diagnostic tests for asthma? |
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Spirtometer, decreased FVC (blow out), and FEV I (amount of air expelled from lungs in 1 second)
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The more episodes of asthma attacks, the more _______ needed to control it. |
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medications
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What genetic defect causes emphysema? Gender affected? |
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Alpha I antitrypsin deficiency. Proteolytic enzymes eat the lining of the lungs. Occurs in men.
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The number one killer of CF patients is _______ . |
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Pneumonia
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Bronchiolitis is the same thing as _______ . |
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RSV
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_______ is a sign of respiratory failure. |
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Respiratory acidosis (asthma)
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Lip cancer is a _______ carcinoma caused by smoking and chronic sun exposure. |
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squamous cell carcinoma
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