| Question |
Answer |
| What are Biot's respirations? |
|
Irregular breathing with apnea every 4-5 breath cycles
|
| Rapid, deep breathing is called _________ respirations. |
|
Kussmaul Respirations
|
| An abnormal pattern of respiration characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing is called ________ respiration. |
|
Cheyne Stokes
|
| T/F Cyanosis is an early sign of respiratory problems.
|
|
False, it is a late sign
|
| Where is cyanosis best observed in dark-skinned patients? |
|
Conjunctivae, lips, palms or under the tongue
|
| Clubbing is a sign of long-standing _________. |
|
Hypoxemia
|
| When inspecting the posterior chest, how should the patient be positioned? |
|
Leaned forward with their arms folded, this moves the scapulae away from the spine.
|
| Cyanosis reflects _____ g of hemoglobin is not bound with oxygen. |
|
5-6 g
|
| What conditions can cause clubbing?
(4) |
|
Chronic hypoxemia (like with COPD), cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, bronchiectasis
|
| What is abdominal paradox? |
|
It is an inward (rather than the normal outward) movement of the abdomen during inspiration.
|
|
|
| What conditions can cause the two sides of the chest to move unequally during inspiration? |
|
Atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion or splinting (which can be purposeful)
|
| Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial edema (early pulmonary edema), alveolar filling (pneumonia), atelectasis, or the early phase of heart failure can all cause what adventitious breath sound? |
|
Crackles (fine)
|
| What are the major differences between fine crackles and coarse crackels? |
|
Fine: short, high pitched, heard at the end of inspiration, caused by equalization of gas pressure
Coarse: long, low pitched, evident on inspiration and sometimes expiration, caused by air intermittently passing through an airway partially occluded.
|
| _______ crackles are similar to the sound made when blowing bubbles underwater with a straw. |
|
Coarse
|
| Heart failure, pulmonary edema, pneumonia with severe congestion and COPD can all cause what adventitious breath sound? |
|
Coarse crackles
|
| A snoring, rattling sound that are usually caused by obstructions of the large airways with secretions. They are most prominent on expiration. |
|
Rhonchi
|
| What interventions can help rhonchi? |
|
Having the patient cough or by using suctioning
|
| Croup, epiglottitis, vocal cord edema after extubation, or a foreign body can all cause what adventitious breath sound? |
|
Stridor (high-pitched musical/crowing sound)
|
|
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