Question |
Answer |
What is the definition of hypertension? |
|
Persistent systolic pressure above 140, diastolic above 90, OR current use of antihypertensive meds
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What disease states have been linked to hypertension?
(5) |
|
Cardiovascular disease, MI, heart failure, stroke and renal disease
|
What is pre-hypertension? |
|
A persistent SBP of 120-139 or DBP of 80-89
|
_______ is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessel. |
|
Blood pressure
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_______ is the force opposing movement of blood within the blood vessels. |
|
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
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What is the major determinant of systemic vascular resistance? |
|
The radius of small arteries and arterioles
|
What systems are involved in the short term regulation of blood pressure? |
|
SNS and vascular epithelium
|
At what age does hypertension become more common in women than men? |
|
55
|
Men with hypertension are more likely to suffer strokes or MI? |
|
MI
|
Women with hypertension are more likely to suffer strokes or MI? |
|
Strokes
|
|
Why do African Americans not respond as well to angiotensin inhibitors used to treat hypertension? |
|
They produce less renin
|
Who has a higher incidence of hypertension, African American women or men? |
|
Women (more than 75% over 75 have it)
|
What impact does the SNS have when a decrease in arterial pressure is detected? |
|
Increased HR, increased contractility, widespread vasoconstriction in peripheral arterioles, and stimulates the kidneys to release renin. All work to raise arterial pressure by increasing CO and SV.
|
The PNS decreases the heart rate via the _______ nerve. |
|
Vagus
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Where are the receptors located that are activated by norepinephrine? |
|
The SA node, myocardium, and vascular smooth muscle
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______ receptors are located in the peripheral vasculature and cause constriction when stimulated by norepinephrine. |
|
Alpha adrenergic receptors
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How do beta 1 adrenergic receptors in the heart respond to norepinephrine? |
|
Increased heart rate (chronotropic), increased force of contraction (inotropic) and increased conduction speed
|
Beta 2 Adrenergic receptors are activated primarily by epinephrine released by the _______ and respond with vasodilation. |
|
Adrenal medulla
|
Which part of the brain is the control center for BP regulation? |
|
The vasomotor center in the medulla
|
Which SNS receptors, when stimulated, cause vasoconstriction? |
|
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, and Beta 1
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